水的电离和溶液的pH（The ionization of water and the pH of the solution）.docVIP

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水的电离和溶液的pH（The ionization of water and the pH of the solution）.doc

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水的电离和溶液的pH（The ionization of water and the pH of the solution）

水的电离和溶液的pH（The ionization of water and the pH of the solution） Teaching key points: 1. The ionization of water and the ion product of water; 2. The acidity and pH of the solution; 3. Simple calculation of pH. Focus on The ionization of water and the ion product of water 1. Ionization of water: water is an extremely weak electrolyte, which has a weak ionization. The process of ionization is endothermic process. 2. In pure water or aqueous solution: (1) water ion product Kw = c (H +) c. (OH -) a certain temperature, Kw is a constant, Kw is only related with the temperature, the higher the temperature the greater the Kw, 25 ℃, Kw = 1 x 10-14; 100 ℃, the c (H +) = c (OH -) = 1 x 10-6 mol/L, Kw = c (H +) c. (OH -) = 1 x 10-12. (2) Kw not only applies to pure water, but also to dilute solution of acid, alkali and salt. C (H +) = c (OH -) that is generated by water in any aqueous solution. 3. Factors affecting the ionization equilibrium of water (1) temperature: the temperature increases, the ionization degree of water increases, the ionization equilibrium of water moves in the direction of ionization, and the ion concentration increases. (2) concentration: change the acid and alkalinity of the solution to make the waters ionization balance move. In the water to acid or alkali, inhibiting water ionization, 25 ℃, water and electricity from the c (H +) 10-7 mol/L, c (OH -) 10 mol/L. (3) other factors: if the active metal is added to the water, the ionizing equilibrium of water is moved in the direction of ionization due to the direct effect of the H + on the hydroelectricity. The acid and alkalinity of the solution Under normal temperature: neutral solution: c (H +) = c (OH -) = 1 x 10-7 mol/L Acid solution: c (H +) solution c (OH -) solution In 0.1 mol/L HCl, for example, because the acid ionization H + can make the balance moving to the left, which suppresses the ionization of water, H + in the solution consists of two parts, one part for acid, the other part for H2O, h