火成岩概述（Igneous rocks）.docVIP

火成岩概述（Igneous rocks） Igneous rock; comprehensive review; igneous rock; review; igneous rock; review Classification of igneous rocks; classification and nomenclature of igneous rocks in terms of mineral composition, chemical composition, structure and structure, and the form of output. The most important indexes are the content of silica, the properties and content of feldspar. Can be divided into five major categories: ultrabasic rock. The content of silicon dioxide is less than 45%, almost all of which is composed of iron and magnesium minerals, and the content of silicon and aluminum minerals is very little. Peridotite. Basic rock. The content of silica is 45% ~ 52%, mainly composed of iron magnesium minerals and basic plagioclase. Such as Xuan Wuyan. Neutral rock. The content of silica is 52% ~ 65%, mainly composed of neutral plagioclase or alkaline feldspar and mafic minerals. Such as diorite, andesite and trachyte. Acid rock. The content of silica is more than 65%, which is composed of quartz, feldspar and iron magnesium minerals. Such as granite, rhyolite. Alkaline rock. Containing alkali metals are very high (K2O2, Na2O) and a certain number of plagioclase feldspar and basic dark minerals. Such as Ni Xiayan, nepheline syenite. The structure of igneous rocks and another basic principle of igneous nomenclature must be considered in terms of its structure and structure. This is because the chemical composition of the mineral composition, the same magma, when it increases to a certain position along the fissures, tectonic structure and condensed show is different, so, the name of the rock is naturally different. For example, in acidic rocks, orthoclase, Xie Changshi, quartz crystals and other basic mineral formation, granular structure, known as granite; and when the flowing out of the ground, although the material component of the same, but the particle structure is not clear, sometimes banded structure, the flow of this kind, it cannot be called granite but, ca