煤矿技术员——从入门到精通（Coal mine Technician - from entry to mastery）.docVIP

煤矿技术员——从入门到精通（Coal mine Technician - from entry to mastery） 1, here are some conceptual things. But its very useful. 2 mining face In the process of coal seam or ore deposit, the working space directly for coal mining or mining useful minerals is called stope face or short stope. The rock layer above the coal seam is called the roof or called overlying strata, and the rock layer below the coal seam is called the floor. In general, a layer of rock directly above the coal seam or several layers of similar nature is called the direct roof. It is usually composed of shale, sand, shale or siltstone, which has a certain stability and is easy to collapse with the operation. 3 rock Rock is the basic substance that makes up the earths crust. It is made up of a variety of rock forming minerals or cuttings under certain geological conditions. In order to distinguish the rock mass from the natural state, in most rock mechanics literatures, the rock refers to a small mass of material, sometimes called rock mass, taken out of the rock mass. Rock can be divided into different types according to different standards. The common categories include the cause of formation, the combining characteristics of mineral particles, the strength and firmness of rock mechanics. 4 detonator Detonator is the main detonating material in blasting engineering. Its function is to produce detonation energy to detonate various kinds of explosive and detonating fuse and detonation tube. Detonators are divided into two types: Fire detonators and electric detonators. Electric detonators are used for blasting in coal mines. Electric detonators are divided into instantaneous electric detonators and delayed electric detonators. The delayed electric detonators are divided into second delay electric detonators and millisecond delay electric detonators. 5 Mohrs strength theory Moore proposed the Moore strength theory in 1900, that the material failure is due to the material on one side of the shear stress reache