工程材料答案-ch09.docVIP

CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Solubility Limit 9.1 Consider the sugar–water phase diagram of Figure 9.1. (a) How much sugar will dissolve in 1500 g water at 90(C (194(F)? (b) If the saturated liquid solution in part (a) is cooled to 20(C (68(F), some of the sugar will precipitate out as a solid. What will be the composition of the saturated liquid solution (in wt% sugar) at 20(C? (c) How much of the solid sugar will come out of solution upon cooling to 20(C? Solution (a) We are asked to determine how much sugar will dissolve in 1000 g of water at 90?C. From the solubility limit curve in Figure 9.1, at 90?C the maximum concentration of sugar in the syrup is about 77 wt%. It is now possible to calculate the mass of sugar using Equation 4.3 as Solving for msugar yields msugar = 5022 g (b) Again using this same plot, at 20?C the solubility limit (or the concentration of the saturated solution) is about 64 wt% sugar. (c) The mass of sugar in this saturated solution at 20?C may also be calculated using Equation 4.3 as follows: which yields a value for of 2667 g. Subtracting the latter from the former of these sugar concentrations yields the amount of sugar that precipitated out of the solution upon cooling ; that is  9.2 At 500(C (930(F), what is the maximum solubility (a) of Cu in Ag? (b) Of Ag in Cu? Solution (a) From Figure 9.7, the maximum solubility of Cu in Ag at 500?C corresponds to the position of the ?–(? + ?) phase boundary at this temperature, or to about 2 wt% Cu. (b) From this same figure, the maximum solubility of Ag in Cu corresponds to the position of the ?–(? + ?) phase boundary at this temperature, or about 1.5 wt% Ag.  Microstructure 9.3 Cite three variables that determine the microstructure of an alloy. Solution Three variables that determine the microstructure of an alloy are (1) the alloying elements present, (2) the concentrations of these alloying elements, and (3) the heat treatment of the alloy.