工程材料答案-ch03.docVIP

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CHAPTER 3 THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Fundamental Concepts 3.1 What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure? Solution Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, as well as the number and probability distributions of the constituent electrons. On the other hand, crystal structure pertains to the arrangement of atoms in the crystalline solid material. Unit Cells Metallic Crystal Structures 3.2 If the atomic radius of aluminum is 0.143 nm, calculate the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters. Solution For this problem, we are asked to calculate the volume of a unit cell of aluminum. Aluminum has an FCC crystal structure (Table 3.1). The FCC unit cell volume may be computed from Equation 3.4 as 3.3 Show for the body-centered cubic crystal structure that the unit cell edge length a and the atomic radius R are related through a =4R/. Solution Consider the BCC unit cell shown below Using the triangle NOP And then for triangle NPQ, But = 4R, R being the atomic radius. Also, = a. Therefore, or 3.4 For the HCP crystal structure, show that the ideal c/a ratio is 1.633. Solution A sketch of one-third of an HCP unit cell is shown below. Consider the tetrahedron labeled as JKLM, which is reconstructed as The atom at point M is midway between the top and bottom faces of the unit cell--that is = c/2. And, since atoms at points J, K, and M, all touch one another, where R is the atomic radius. Furthermore, from triangle JHM, or Now, we can determine the length by consideration of triangle JKL, which is an equilateral triangle, and Substituting this value for in the above expression yields and, solving for c/a 3.5 Show that the atomic packing factor for BCC is 0.68. Solution The atomic packing factor is defined as the ratio of sphere volume to the total unit cell volume, or Since there are two spheres associated with each unit cell for BCC Also

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