工程材料答案-ch15.docVIP

CHAPTER 15 CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICATIONS, AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Stress-Strain Behavior 15.1 From the stress–strain data for poly(methyl methacrylate) shown in Figure 15.3, determine the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength at room temperature [20°C (68°F)], and compare these values with those given in Table 15.1. Solution From Figure 15.3, the elastic modulus is the slope in the elastic linear region of the 20?C curve, which is The value range cited in Table 15.1 is 2.24 to 3.24 GPa (325,000 to 470,000 psi). Thus, the plotted value is a little on the high side. The tensile strength corresponds to the stress at which the curve ends, which is 52 MPa (7500 psi). This value lies within the range cited in Table 15.1—48.3 to 72.4 MPa (7000 to 10,500 psi).  15.2 Compute the elastic moduli for the following polymers, whose stress-strain behaviors may be observed in the “Tensile Tests” module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE): (a) high-density polyethylene, (b) nylon, and (c) phenol-formaldehyde (bakelite). How do these values compare with those presented in Table 15.1 for the same polymers? Solution The elastic modulus is the slope in the linear elastic region (Equation 6.10) as Since all the stress-strain curves pass through the origin, we make take ?1 = 0 and ?1 = 0. Determinations of ?2 and ?2 are possible by moving the cursor to some arbitrary point in the linear region of the curve and then reading corresponding values in the “Stress” and “Strain” windows that are located below the plot. (a) For high-density polyethylene, we selected ?2 = 6.0 MPa with its corresponding ?2 = 0.0152. Therefore, The elastic modulus (average) for high-density polyethylene given in Table 15.1 is 1.08 GPa, which is significantly higher than this value. (b) For nylon, we selected ?2 = 24.3 MPa with its corresponding ?2 = 0.0085. Therefore, The elastic modulus range for nylon 6,6 given in Table 15.1 is 1.58 GPa to 3.80 GPa