工程材料答案-ch07.docVIP

CHAPTER 7 DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Basic Concepts of Dislocations Characteristics of Dislocations 7.1 To provide some perspective on the dimensions of atomic defects, consider a metal specimen that has a dislocation density of 104 mm-2. Suppose that all the dislocations in 1000 mm3 (1 cm3) were somehow removed and linked end to end. How far (in miles) would this chain extend? Now suppose that the density is increased to 1010 mm-2 by cold working. What would be the chain length of dislocations in 1000 mm3 of material? Solution The dislocation density is just the total dislocation length per unit volume of material (in this case per cubic millimeters). Thus, the total length in 1000 mm3 of material having a density of 104 mm-2 is just Similarly, for a dislocation density of 1010 mm-2, the total length is  7.2 Consider two edge dislocations of opposite sign and having slip planes that are separated by several atomic distances as indicated in the diagram. Briefly describe the defect that results when these two dislocations become aligned with each other. Solution When the two edge dislocations become aligned, a planar region of vacancies will exist between the dislocations as:  7.3 Is it possible for two screw dislocations of opposite sign to annihilate each other? Explain your answer. Solution It is possible for two screw dislocations of opposite sign to annihilate one another if their dislocation lines are parallel. This is demonstrated in the figure below.  7.4 For each of edge, screw, and mixed dislocations, cite the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion. Solution For the various dislocation types, the relationships between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion are as follows: edge dislocation--parallel screw dislocation--perpendicular mixed dislocation--neither parallel nor perpendicu