工程材料答案-ch18.docVIP

CHAPTER 18 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Ohm’s Law Electrical Conductivity 18.1 (a) Compute the electrical conductivity of a 5.1-mm (0.2-in.) diameter cylindrical silicon specimen 51 mm (2 in.) long in which a current of 0.1 A passes in an axial direction. A voltage of 12.5 V is measured across two probes that are separated by 38 mm (1.5 in.). (b) Compute the resistance over the entire 51 mm (2 in.) of the specimen. Solution This problem calls for us to compute the electrical conductivity and resistance of a silicon specimen. (a) We use Equations 18.3 and 18.4 for the conductivity, as And, incorporating values for the several parameters provided in the problem statement, leads to (b) The resistance, R, may be computed using Equations 18.2 and 18.4, as  18.2 A copper wire 100 m long must experience a voltage drop of less than 1.5 V when a current of 2.5 A passes through it. Using the data in Table 18.1, compute the minimum diameter of the wire. Solution For this problem, given that a copper wire 100 m long must experience a voltage drop of less than 1.5 V when a current of 2.5 A passes through it, we are to compute the minimum diameter of the wire. Combining Equations 18.3 and 18.4 and solving for the cross-sectional area A leads to From Table 18.1, for copper ? = 6.0 ( 107 (?-m)-1. Furthermore, inasmuch as for a cylindrical wire, then or When values for the several parameters given in the problem statement are incorporated into this expression, we get = 1.88 ( 10-3 m = 1.88 mm  18.3 An aluminum wire 4 mm in diameter is to offer a resistance of no more than 2.5 ?. Using the data in Table 18.1, compute the maximum wire length. Solution This problem asks that we compute, for an aluminum wire 4 mm in diameter, the maximum length such that the resistance will not exceed 2.5 W. From Table 18.1 for aluminum, ? = 3.8 ( 107 (?-m)-1. If d is the diameter then, combining Equations 18.2 and 18.4 leads to  18.4 Demonstrate that the two Ohm’s