工程材料答案-ch06.docVIP

CHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Concepts of Stress and Strain 6.1 Using mechanics of materials principles (i.e., equations of mechanical equilibrium applied to a free-body diagram), derive Equations 6.4a and 6.4b. Solution This problem asks that we derive Equations 6.4a and 6.4b, using mechanics of materials principles. In Figure (a) below is shown a block element of material of cross-sectional area A that is subjected to a tensile force P. Also represented is a plane that is oriented at an angle ? referenced to the plane perpendicular to the tensile axis; the area of this plane is A = A/cos ?. In addition, and the forces normal and parallel to this plane are labeled as P and V, respectively. Furthermore, on the left-hand side of this block element are shown force components that are tangential and perpendicular to the inclined plane. In Figure (b) are shown the orientations of the applied stress ?, the normal stress to this plane ?, as well as the shear stress ? taken parallel to this inclined plane. In addition, two coordinate axis systems in represented in Figure (c): the primed x and y axes are referenced to the inclined plane, whereas the unprimed x axis is taken parallel to the applied stress. Normal and shear stresses are defined by Equations 6.1 and 6.3, respectively. However, we now chose to express these stresses in terms (i.e., general terms) of normal and shear forces (P and V) as For static equilibrium in the x direction the following condition must be met: which means that Or that Now it is possible to write an expression for the stress in terms of P and A using the above expression and the relationship between A and A [Figure (a)]: However, it is the case that P/A = ?; and, after making this substitution into the above expression, we have Equation 6.4a--that is Now, for static equilibrium in the y direction, it is necessary that Or We now write an expression for ? as And, substitution of the above equatio