工程材料答案-ch19.docVIP

CHAPTER 19 THERMAL PROPERTIES PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Heat Capacity 19.1 Estimate the energy required to raise the temperature of 2 kg (4.42 lbm) of the following materials from 20 to 100°C (68 to 212°F): aluminum, steel, soda–lime glass, and high-density polyethylene. Solution The energy, E, required to raise the temperature of a given mass of material, m, is the product of the specific heat, the mass of material, and the temperature change, ?T? as The ?T in this problem is equal to 100?C – 20?C = 80?C (= 80 K), while the mass is 2 kg, and the specific heats are presented in Table 19.1. Thus,  19.2 To what temperature would 25 lbm of a 1025 steel specimen at 25(C (77(F) be raised if 125 Btu of heat is supplied? Solution We are asked to determine the temperature to which 25 lbm of steel initially at 25?C would be raised if 125 Btu of heat is supplied. This is accomplished by utilization of a modified form of Equation 19.1 as in which ?Q is the amount of heat supplied, m is the mass of the specimen, and cp is the specific heat. From Table 19.1, cp = 486 J/kg-K for steel, which in Customary U.S. units is just Thus and  19.3 (a) Determine the room temperature heat capacities at constant pressure for the following materials: aluminum, silver, tungsten, and 70Cu-30Zn brass. (b) How do these values compare with one another? How do you explain this? Solution (a) This problem asks that we determine the room-temperature heat capacities at constant pressure, Cp, for aluminum, silver, tungsten, and 70Cu-30Zn brass. All we need do is multiply the cp values in Table 19.1 by the atomic weights (values are found inside the front cover), taking into account the conversion from grams to kilograms (for the atomic weights). Thus, for Al For Ag For W For brass it is first necessary to compute the alloy atomic weight (Aave) using Equation 4.11a as follows: = 64.09 g/mol Thus (b) These values of Cp are very close to one another because room temperature is considerably