不同媒介中的参量阵近场声场研究.doc

一种由横波激发的特殊非线性声现象 张世功1,2，吴先梅1，张碧星1 (1. 中国科学院声学研究所，北京 100190； 2. 中国科学院声学研究所东海研究站，上海 200032；) 摘要：目前对非线性超声的研究多集中在纵波激发的非线性纵波谐波的性质以及对材料微观结构变化的实验检测上，横波激发的非线性声波性质少有研究。本文从一维方向传播的非线性声波方程入手，利用摄动法求解了该方程。将该方程改写为一阶偏微分方程，并利用交错网格的有限差分形式进行了数值求解。结果表明：采用横波激发，能产生线性横波和非线性的纵波谐波，且纵波的高次谐波内有两个信号，分别以纵波和横波两种速度传播。若采用较长的激发信号，纵波谐波能形成“拍”现象，成为一种奇特的声传播现象。为非线性声波传播的基础研究提供了初步的理论指导。 关键词：非线性声波；纵谐波；横波激发；摄动法 中图分类号：TB551 文献标识码：A A special nonlinear phenomenon excited with transverse wave source ZHANG Shi-gong1,2, WU Xian-mei1, ZHANG Bi-xing1 (1. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China; 2. Shanghai Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China) Abstract: Nonlinear acoustics study concentrate on longitudinal harmonic waves generated by longitudinal waves at present. Nonlinear waves generated by transverse wave are seldom studied. In this paper, nonlinear acoustic equation of two dimensional oscillation problems propagated in one dimension is studied. First, the equation is studied by perturbation method to solve the nonlinear acoustic wave equation. Then the numerical calculation method, finite difference method in staggered grid style is also carried out to obtain the solution. The result shows, linear transverse wave and nonlinear longitudinal wave can be observed with a transverse source. The nonlinear longitudinal wave can be propagated with longitudinal and transverse wave velocity, and clap phenomena can be seen in the nonlinear wave. This becomes a special acoustic propagation phenomenon. The result can provide a theoretical guidance for the basic nonlinear acoustic wave propagation. Key words: nonlinear acoustics; longitudinal harmonic wave; excited by transverse wave; perturbation method.  0 引 言( 有限振幅纵波激发的非线性声波具有以下特征[1-3]：在传播过程中畸变，变化为锯齿波或三角波等；在传播过程中，信号能量由基频波向谐波传递；波形畸变的程度由非线性声波的幅度决定，当然频率、非线性系数等一些物理参量也对畸变有较大影响；激波或冲击波产生；除了谐波产生之外，非线性声波还有一个性质就是能够对两个不同频率的输入信号进行调制，形成差频波(或称混频波、调制波等)等；纯纵波可以单独传播，但纯横波不能脱离纵波单独传播[2]；