《天体物理概论》Stars IV.pdfVIP

Stars I V. The brith of stars Xiaobo Dong 2009.11 Response to after-class questions 2009.11.9 • About the cosmological redshift and the expansion of the Universe • How to train the ability of Using Physics? 要读对人：John Barrow, Edward Harrison, Martin Rees, Kip Throne, Hawking, etc., 更不要花太多时间读外行写的书。 The road of star formation: Overview 向08, Fig. 3.4, p.86 Stellar evolution Cycle ISM: an overview The local density within 1 kpc of the Sun is (7.3−10.0) ×10−21 kg m−3. The density of known stars is (5.9−6.7) ×10−21 kg m−3 and that of known interstellar matter about 1.7 ×10−21 kg m−3. (Giant) molecular clouds At a distance of only 4 10 light-years, Barnard 68 is one of the nearest dark clouds. Its size is about 12,500 AU. The temperature of Barnard 68 is 16 K (-257 °C) and the total mass of the cloud is about twice Msun. 4 6 • Vast assemblages of molecular gas with masses of 10 – 10 Msun are called Giant molecular clouds (GMC). The clouds can reach tens of parsecs in diameter and have an average density of 10²– 10³ particles per cubic centimetre (the average density in the solar vicinity is one particle per cubic centimetre). Substructure within these clouds is a complex pattern of filaments, sheets, bubbles, and irregular clumps. • The densest parts of the filaments and clumps are called molecular cores, while the densest molecular cores are, unsurprisingly, called 4 6 dense molecular cores and have densities in excess of 10 –