《天体物理概论》Stars III.pdfVIP

Stars III. Stellar Evolution Xiaobo Dong 2009.11 内容要求 • 鉴于本科生同学未预修 《量子力学》、 《统计力学》 和 《广义相对论》，如下章节仅作为选修内容： Sections 4.2.1, 4.2.2，4.2.3 （仅需了解简并压不依 赖于温度；chandra极限概念）， 4.4.2 （仅需了解 “探照灯”模型原理）， 4.4.3，4.5 （需了解引力红移） • 补充Maoz书之外的内容： 造父变星脉动的物理原理；各种元素的合成途径 Three kinds of timescales • The nuclear timescale how long it takes the reservoir of nuclear energy in the star to be released. (see last section) [main sequence] • Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale (or thermal timescale) how long it takes for thermal energy produced in the center of the star to work its way out via energy transport; or how long the energy release lasts from gravitational contraction. (see last section) • The free-fall timescale (or dynamical timescale) how quickly the star mechanically adj usts to changes. In units of 10^6 ears Free-fall timescale Maoz p.32 This is half of the period given by Kepler’s third Law. Why? Post-MS evolution The formation and subsequent collapse of condensations in the ISM, the contraction of protostars towards the MS will be discussed in Section IV. Evolutionary paths in the HRD up to the point where He burning sets in. The shade of the line segments indicates the time spent in the corresponding phases. MS (1-3) life-times: 1.0·M : 9.0