第一节 总论（Section 1 general introduction）.docVIP

第一节 总论（Section 1 general introduction） Section 1 general introduction The endocrine system is a cell or delicate group (endocrine gland) developed from the embryo, mesoderm, and endoderm. They secrete trace amounts of chemicals - hormones - that are circulating through the bloodstream to target cells and are combined with the receptors to exert a broad systemic effect on metabolic processes. With the nervous system and the endocrine system by ectodermal differentiation, maintaining internal environment balance, in order to keep the balance between the stability of the endocrine system has a complete set of mutual restraint, mutual influence and complex positive and negative feedback system. To keep the environment stable while the external conditions are different, which is essential to maintain life and maintain the continuity of the race. Any excessive or insufficient secretion of hormones caused by the dysfunction of any endocrine cell, which can cause a corresponding pathophysiological change. Anatomical physiology Endocrine organs are called endocrine glands such as pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas islet, gonad and so on, which are the main functions of synthesis and secretion hormone. Not many organs of the endocrine glands. But the tissue contains endocrine function or cells, such as brain (endorphin, gastrin releasing factor, etc.), liver (angiotensin 25 hydroxylation, bone sterol etc.), kidney (renin, prostaglandins, 1, 25 hydroxy steroids and other bone). The same hormone can be synthesized in different tissues or organs, such as somatostatin (hypothalamus, pancreas, stomach, etc.), polypeptide growth factors (nervous system, endothelial cells, platelets, etc.). The nervous system is closely related to the physiology of the endocrine system, such as the central hypothalamus, the neuroendocrine tissue, which can synthesize vasopressin and oxytocin and store them in the posterior pituitary lobe along axons. With both pept