外科1.2（Surgical 1.2）.docVIP

外科1.2（Surgical 1.2） Surgical nursing homework one answer 1. Short answer: 1. Brief introduction of potassium supplement. A: intravenous potassium supplement in accordance with the doctors advice, we should pay attention to concentration, dosage of speed, etc. Requirements: (1) normal of urine: understand the renal function, should be taken before intravenous potassium supplement because of poor renal function can affect potassium eduction, daily urine output must be greater than 600 ml, or urine output per hour is more than 30 ml, intravenous potassium supplement to ensure safety. (2) the concentration is not high: the potassium concentration of intravenous infusion is no more than 0.3 percent, and the intravenous injection of potassium chloride is prohibited, so that the sudden increase of potassium in potassium can cause cardiac arrest. (3) not fast: adult intravenous drips should not exceed 60 drops per minute. (4) cap, closely monitoring: regular monitoring of potassium concentration, and adjust the daily total k, fasting patients commonly, the daily amount of potassium for 2 ~ 3 g, severe lack of potassium is 24 hours to fill should not be more than 6 ~ 8 g potassium. 2. The causes of gastrointestinal reactions in intestinal nutrition patients were briefly described. A: the complications of gastrointestinal endotrophic support in the clinic can be divided into five aspects. Metabolic complications: excess water, dehydration, non-ketogenic hypertonic hyperglycemia, anomaly of water, electrolyte and trace elements, abnormal liver function; Complications of infection: inhalation pneumonia (prevention, treatment), nutrient solution, infusion device pipeline pollution; Mental complications: anxiety and negative attitude; The complications of mechanical complications: nutrition tube, infusion tube, pump accident. 3. Explain the causes and treatment of hyperosmotic non-ketosis in enteral nutrition patients. A: patients with hyperosmotic patients with hyperosmotic care