法律文体：Legislative.docVIP

注释： discretion: individual choice or judgment , power of free decision within legal bounds. liability: something for which one is liable, especially, pecuniary obligation. liable : obligated according to law or equity case law: law established by judicial decisions in cases. 判例法 act: 1) the doing of something 2) the formal product of a legislative body, also the decision or determination of a sovereign, a legislative council or a court of justice. justice: judge pleading: Law Advocacy of causes in court. 【法律】 辩护：法庭中案件的辩护 procedures: A set of established forms or methods for conducting the affairs of a business, legislative body, or court of law. [诉讼]程序 Legislative, Executive and Judicial Power 立法、行政、司法三权 Act. Ⅲ, Sec. 1 of the Constitution of California provides: The powers of the government of the State of California shall be divided into three separate departments -- the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial; and no person charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one of these departments shall exercise any functions appertaining to either of the others, except as in this Constitution expressly directed or permitted. Most state constitutions have similar provisions, and the separation of powers principle also underlies the fabric of the federal Constitution. 加利福尼亚州宪法第三条第一款规定：“加利福尼亚州政府之权力，应分为三个独立的部门，即立法、行政和司法；任何人若负有行使权力之职责，且正当地隶属于这三部门中的一个部门，均不得行使属于其余两部门中任何一个部门的职能；但是本宪法另有明文指示或准许者不在此限。”大多数州的宪法也有类似规定；三权分立原则也是联邦宪法的基础。 Such constitutional divisions of governmental powers into legislative, executive, and judicial powers make it necessary to define or at least circumscribe the meaning of these basic concepts of our public law. This task is not an easy one, because there exist borderline or twilight zones in which these concepts overlap or shade into one another. It is possible, however, to define at least the hard core of these notions. 政府权力这样分为立法、行政、司法三权，就要求给我国(指美国)公法的这些基本概念的含义加以规定或予以限定。完成这个任务并非易事，因为这些概念有互相重叠或互相渗透的交叉之处。但是要至少给这些概念的要