初中生历史思维能力培养探析.doc

初中生历史思维能力培养探析【摘要】历史学科是社会科学,也是人文科学的一个重要部分。它既是人们认识客观历史的记录和人类宝贵的文化财富,又是社会意识的产生和历史思维的结晶。培养历史思维能力是历史教学中的一个长期的系统工程。既是教学中的一个现实的实践问题,又是一个不断探讨和研究的理论问题。 一、历史思维和历史思维能力 历史思维是人脑对客观历史,包括历史事件、历史现象、历史规律的一种概括的,间接的,本质的反映。 历史思维能力,就是人们用以再认和再现历史事实,解释和理解历史现象,把握历史发展过程,分析和评价历史客体的一种素养。 二、培养初中生历史思维能力的途径和方法 (一)历史形象思维能力的培养 第一,教师带领学生参观博物馆、遗址等。 第二,设计形象化的板书。 第三,运用形象化的语言。 (二)历史逻辑思维能力的培养 一要内化思考的轨迹;二要发展迁移的能力。 (三)历史情感思维能力的培养 一要用情境来烘托;二要用声调来渲染;三要用表情来强化。 (四)历史创造性思维能力的培养 一要培养发现和提出问题的能力;二要培养分析问题和发表自己见解的能力;三要从新的角度对材料进行归类整理,形成新知识体系;四要从争鸣中提取思维成果。 【关键词】培养;历史思维;途径和方法 The junior high school living the ability development of the history thinking a preliminary study Wu-jun 【Abstract】The history academics is a social science, is also an importance of humanities part.It since is people the understanding be objective history of record and mankind precious cultural wealth, again is a society consciousness of creation and history thinking of crystallize.The thinking ability of the development history is in the history teaching of a long-term of system engineering.Since is a reality in the teaching of practice a problem, again is 1 continuously study and research of theories problem. A, History thinking and history thinking ability The history thinking is a person brain rightness objective history, include history affairs, history phenomenon, history regulation of a kind of generalize of, indirect of, essence of reflection. History thinking the ability be people to in order to recognize again with reappear the history phenomenon of the history fact, explanation and comprehension, confidence history development the process, analysis and evaluation history guest a kind of cultivated manners of the body. Two, The development junior high school living the path and method of ability of the history thinking (A)The development of the thinking ability of the history image A, the teacher lead a student the visit museum, ruins...etc.. Two, the design ima