山西煤田区陷落柱分布规律与成因模式-科技导报.PDF

科技导报2015，33（11） 山西省煤田区陷落柱分布规律与山西省煤田区陷落柱分布规律与 成因模式成因模式 彭纪超，张渝，胡社荣 中国矿业大学（北京）地球科学与测绘工程学院，北京 100083 摘要摘要 通过搜集山西省煤田区陷落柱发育资料，绘制山西省煤田区陷落柱发育分布图，结合华北山西断块煤田地质与水文地质 特征和陷落柱形成条件，得出山西陷落柱分布规律为：1）主要发育在盆地边缘，如大同盆地北缘和沁水盆地边缘；2）河流和岩 溶泉水发育的地区，陷落柱更为发育，如太原西山、霍州和阳泉地区；3）沿新生代伸展构造山西地堑发育。根据山西省区域构造 演化和陷落柱的形成条件分析得出，山西省陷落柱形成受到构造运动的控制，其构造条件为“两升两反”：在构造运动上升期间， 岩溶发育，陷落柱形成方式以热液溶蚀、真空塌陷和重力塌陷为主；在构造反转期间，上覆岩层稳定性被破坏，陷落柱形成方式以 重力塌陷叠加循环塌陷为主。 关键词关键词 山西省；煤田区；陷落柱；构造条件 中图分类号中图分类号 TD163 文献标志码文献标志码 A doidoi 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.11.002 DistributionofthecollapsecolumnsincoalfieldsofShanxiProvince anditsgeneticmodels PENGJichao,ZHANGYu,HUSherong CollegeofGeoscienceandSurveyingEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology,Beijing 100083,China AbstractAbstract BycollectingmassiveamountofdatafromlocalcoalfieldsinShanxiProvince,amapofthedistributionofthecollapse columnsinthisareaisgenerated.Thedistributionofthecollapsecolumnsisdiscussedcombinedwiththedataofcoalgeologyand hydrogeology,aswellastheformationconditionofthecollapsecolumns.Thecollapsecolumnsaremainlydevelopedinsuchareas: 1) nearthemarginofthebasin,suchasDatongbasinandQinshuibasin; 2)theareawithriverandkarstspring,forinstance,Xishanof Taiyuan, Huozhou and Yangquan areas; 3) the area along the Shanxi graben system. According to the tectonic evolution and the formationconditionofthecollapsecolumnsinShanxiProvince,thefollowingconclusionsaremade.Theformationofthecollapse columnsiscontrolledbythetectonicmovementanditstectonicconditionwhichis “Twouplift-Twotectonicinversion”.Duringthe uplift, the karst well development and the formation mechanism of the collapse columns are combined with the hydrothermal dissolution,thevacuumcorrosionandthegravitationalcollapse.Duringthetectonicinversion,thestabilityofthelayerabovethekarst isdestroyedandtheformationmechanismofthecollapsecolumnsiscombinedwiththegravitationalcollapseandthecirculation collapse.Thisstudymayhelpdiscover