lecture5 cost and 的benefit analysis.pptVIP

Lecture 5 Cost-Benefit analysis ;Introduction;Present Value: Present Dollars into the Future;假定某人承诺一年后向你支付 ￥100. 你现在愿意为这一承诺给付多少？ $100？ 因为当你现在给付时，即意味着你失去了现在给付的未来收益;The present value 将来要支付或收到的一定货币额的现今价值. 定义 R = 将来收到的数量 r = 投资回报率 T = 投资年限 投资的现值 (PV)是：;上式中，r 就是我们通常所说的贴现率discount rate） ，(1+r)-T 称为贴现因子discount factor. 最后，当收入是一个现金流时，￥R0 初期收益, ￥R1 为一年后的收益, 等等, 总共 T 年.;Present value 是一个极其重要的概念 20年后的 ￥1,000,000 贴现到现在的价值： ￥376,889 如果 r=.05 ￥148,644 如果 r=.10;Present Value: Inflation;Present Value: Inflation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Annual Net Return;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Private Sector Project Evaluation;Discount Rate for Government Projects;Discount Rate for Government Projects;Discount Rate for Government Projects;Discount Rate for Government Projects;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Valuing Public Benefits and Costs;Cost-Benefit “Games”;Distributional Considerations;Uncertainty;Calculating the Certainty Equivalent Value;Applied example：reduce class size;Applied example: comment;Recap of Cost-Benefit Analysis