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Dynamic Memory Allocation - University of (动态内存分配大学)
Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Dynamic memory allocation
– How to allocate memory for variables (esp. arrays/strings)
duringduring runrun timetime
– malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free()
CSE 251 Dr. Charles B. Owen
1 Programming in C
Why dynamic memory allocation?
Usually, so far, the arrays and strings we’re using have
fixed length (i.e., length is known at compile time)
• Example:
chhar myStr[[11]]; //// allllocates memory ffor 10 chhars
printf(“Enter a string: “);
fgetsfgets((myStrmyStr,, 11,11, stdinstdin););
What if the user wants to
enterenter aa stringstring moremore thanthan 1010
chars long or if the length is
known onlyy at run time?
CSE 251 Dr. Charles B. Owen
2 Programming in C
malloc()
• malloc() is used to request additional memory from the
operating system during program execution
Syntax : malloc (numBytes )
• Input is the number of consecutive bytes to be allocated
• Return value is a pointer to the beginning of the block of
memory allocated or NULL if malloc fails
• To use malloc(), you must #include stdlib.h
CSE 251 Dr. Charles B. Owen
3 Programming in C
malloc()
chhar **chharPP; /*/* ddecllare a poiinter to chhar */*/
charP
charPcharP = malloc(10);malloc(10); 1010 bytesbytes oror charschars
charP
charP contain
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