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高二上四单元复习提纲(The four unit in senior two reviewed the outline)
Fourth unit: the scientific development of the world since modern times
The eleventh lesson is the significant progress of Physics
[basic interpretation]
Classical mechanics
1, the background of classical mechanics:
(1) the Renaissance has liberated peoples minds and has also had an important impact on scientific research.
(2) the bourgeoisie urgently needs natural science as its theoretical weapon.
2 Galileos achievements:
(1) Galileo proved through experiments that external force is not the cause of maintaining the state of motion, but the reason for changing the state of motion.
(2) he discovered the laws of physics such as the law of free fall, created the modern science based on experimental facts and had a strict logic system, and laid the foundation for the establishment and development of classical mechanics.
3, Newtons achievements:
(1) the laws of macroscopic motion of an object are determined.
(2) published the mathematical principles of natural philosophy.
(3) the three laws of motion of objects and the law of universal gravitation are put forward. A Newtonian mechanical system based on experiment and expressed in mathematics, which is the classical mechanics system, has been formed.
Two, the creation of relativity
1, the historical background of the theory of relativity:
In twentieth Century, with the progress of physics research, classical mechanics could not explain some new problems encountered in the study and faced challenges.
2, the main content of the theory of relativity:
(1) German physicist Einstein put forward the theory of relativity after many years of research.
(2) contents include special relativity and general relativity. The special relativity holds that when the object moves, the mass will increase with the increase of the speed of the object. At the same time, the space and time will change with the moving speed of the object. General relativity holds that the nature of spac
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