第02章管理理论产生与发展.pptVIP

第二章管理理论的产生与发展;第一节中国早期管理思想及影响;《论语》与儒家（孔孟）;;《老子》与道家;为无为，事无事，味无味。大小多少，报怨以德。图难于其易，为大于其细；天下难事，必作于易，天下大事，必作于细。是以圣人终不为大，故能成其大。 合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。;《韩非子》与法家;《孙子兵法》与兵家;西方管理理论发展的重心与主线;第二节 早期的管理思想;（二）查尔斯·巴贝奇的管理思想 ?劳动分工 ?工资加利润的分享制度;（三）罗伯特·欧文的管理思想 ?重视人的因素和尊重人的地位，可以使工厂获得更多的利润，用于改善工人待遇和劳动条件的投资，会得到加倍的补偿。;（一）古典管理理论产生的背景 ?经济环境：工厂规模大、市场需求旺、生产率低 ?社会文化环境： 工人壮大、矛盾突出、怠工严重 ?科技环境： 技术提高、注意管理、提高资源利用率 ?政治环境：一战爆发军火需求旺盛、西欧参战美国稳定 ?管理实践方面：基础奠定解决实践难题;19世纪末20世纪初形成的古典管理理论;19世纪末20世纪初形成的古典管理理论;科学管理理论-泰勒;科学管理理论-泰勒;科学管理理论-泰勒;科学管理理论-泰勒;科学管理理论的基本观点及其贡献;科学管理理论的基本观点及其贡献;泰勒的科学管理理论;组织管理理论-法约尔;组织管理理论-法约尔;组织管理理论的基本观点;□Division of work（劳动分工）. Specialization increase output by making employees more efficient. □Authority（权责对等）. Managers must be able to give orders. Authority gives them this right. Along with authority, however, goes responsibility. □Discipline（纪律严明）. Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization, □ Unit of command（统一指挥）. Every employee should receive orders form only one superior. ;□ Unit of direction（统一领导）. The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers. □ Subordination of individual interests to the general interest. The interest of any one employee or group of employees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.（个人利于服从集体利益） □ remuneration（报酬合理）. Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.;□ Centralization（集权与分权）. This term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making. □scalar chain（等级链）. The line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks is the scalar chain. □ Order（秩序）. People and materials should be in the right place at the right time. □ Equity（公平）. Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.;□ Stability of tenure of personal（人员稳定）. Managers should provide orderly personal planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies. □ initiative（首创精神）. Employees who are allowed to originate and carry out