A REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP THEORY AND （领导理论的回顾）.pdf

CENTRE FOR LEADERSHIP STUDIES A REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP THEORY AND COMPETENCY FRAMEWORKS Edited Version of a Report for Chase Consulting and the Management Standards Centre Bolden, R., Gosling, J., Marturano, A. and Dennison, P. June 2003 Centre for Leadership Studies University of Exeter Crossmead Barley Lane Dunsford Hill Exeter EX4 1TF United Kingdom Telephone: 01392 413018 Fax: 01392 434132 e-mail: leadership@exeter.ac.uk 1 Executive Summary ♦ This report presents a review of leadership theory and competency frameworks that was commissioned to assist the development of the new National Occupational Standards in Management and Leadership. ♦ The report begins with a review of leadership theories and tracks their evolution over the past 70 years from the “great man” notion of heroic leaders, through trait theories, behaviourist theories, situational leadership, contingency theory and on to transactional and transformational leadership. Each of these offers some insights into the qualities of successful leaders, but there has been a shift in focus from the generic characteristics and behaviours of the individual to a recognition of the importance of responding to different situations and contexts and the leaders’ role in relation to followers. The review concludes with an introduction to the notion of “dispersed leadership” and a distinction between the process of “leadership” and the socially-constructed role of “leader”. ♦ Th