EE 340 – Transmission Lines UNLV（EE 340 输电线路）.pdf

EE 740 – Transmission Lines Spring 2013 US Power Transmission Grid Physical Characteristics – underground cables • Cable lines are designed to be placed underground or under water. The conductors are insulated from one another and surrounded by protective sheath. • Cable lines are more expensive and harder to maintain. They also have capacitance problem – not suitable for long distance. High Voltage Power Lines (overhead) • Common voltages in north America: 138, 230, 345, 500, 765 kV • Bundled conductors are used in extra-high voltage lines • Stranded instead of solid conductors are used. HVDC Transmission • Because of the large fixed cost necessary to convert ac to dc and then back to ac, dc transmission is only practical in specialized applications – long distance overhead power transfer ( 400 miles) – long underwater cable power transfer – providing an asynchronous means of joining different power systems. Electrical Characteristics • Transmission lines are characterized by a series resistance, inductance, and shunt capacitance per unit length. • These values determine the power-carrying capacity of the transmission line and the voltage drop across it at full load. • The DC resistance of a conductor is expressed in terms of resistively, length and cross sectional area as follows: Cable resistance • The resistively increases linearly with temperature over normal range of temperatures. • If the resistively at one temperature and material temperature constant are known, the resistively at another temperature can be found by Cable Resistance • AC resistance of a conductor is always higher than its DC resistance due to the skin effect forcing more current flow