合成基因组学：设计与合成的艺术.pdf

生 物 工 程 学 报 罗周卿 等/合成基因组学：设计与合成的艺术 331 Chinese Journal of Biotechnology /cjbcn March 25, 2017, 33(3): 331−342 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.160411 ©2017 Chin J Biotech, All rights reserved ·新技术新方法· 罗周卿，戴俊彪 100084 , . . , 2017, 33(3): 331–342. Luo ZQ, Dai JB. Synthetic genomics: the art of design and synthesis. Chin J Biotech, 2017, 33(3): 331–342. 摘 要: 随着基因组相关技术 ( 测序、编辑、合成等) 和知识 ( 功能基因组学) 的日益成熟，合成基因组学在 本世纪迎得了发展的契机。病毒、原核生物的全基因组相继被化学合成并支持生命的存活，第 1 个真核生物合 成基因组计划已经完成过半，人类基因组编写计划提上日程。在基因组合成的实践过程中，研究者们不断探索 对基因组进行重编和设计所应遵循的规则，提高从头合成、组装和替换基因组的技术手段。合成基因组在工业、 环境、健康和基础研究领域有着广阔的应用前景，同时也带来了相应的伦理问题。结合在Sc2.0 计划中的基因 组合成研究和近期合成基因组学所取得的重大进展，本文综述了基因组设计和合成相关的科学、技术和伦理内 容，并探讨了未来发展所面对的挑战。作为合成生物学最重要的领域之一，合成基因组学方兴未艾。 : 合成基因组学，基因组重新设计，DNA 合成，DNA 组装与替换 Synthetic genomics: the art of design and synthesis Zhouqing Luo, and Junbiao Dai School of Life Sciences, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Abstract: Benefited from the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, genome editing, DNA synthesis and functional genomics, synthetic genomics gains the momentum in this century. The entire genomes of several viruses and one prokaryote have been chemically synthesized and applied to drive normal cellular processes. The first eukaryotic genome synthesis project (Sc2.0) is on-going and about half of the genome has been synthesized and functionally tested. The Human Genome Project-Write (HGP-Write) was proposed in 2016, which pushes the tide of synthetic genomics to a position we have never seen before. Technologies on genome-scale design and DNA synthesis have been rapidly developed, a