认知过程1125.pptVIP

* 研究是在香港做的，被试是大学本科在读的学生，材料是香港、澳门、纽约的30个地标。实验一任务：1、是否能认出这是哪儿，能否说出景观的名字？2、猜一下你的同伴有百分之几的人能认出这个景观。结果：猜测于实际的结果相似。说明共同团体的成员对彼此的知识量有一定的了解。实验二，一组新被试，一个人描述，另一个人猜，一直描述，直到猜出来为止。发现，每一副图片所花费的时间与实验一中的熟悉度成反比，第一个实验中，有90%都认出来的景观，很少的描述就能猜中。 * 口误，今天早上我起晚了，牙也没洗，脸也没刷的就立马来上课了。 * 即有语音上的关系，还会尽量组成一个真词 * 相同意思的俚语会说错，说明了意思相似的俚语在记忆里是储存在一起的。 * 非常敏感的区去搜索上下文中的相关信息 * Landmarks New York Hong Kong Macau Fifth Avenue Speech execution and speech errors Spoonerism: an exchange of the initial sounds of two or more words in a phrase or sentence. You have wasted the whole term. You have tasted the whole worm. Why there are speech errors？ Speakers must choose content words that best fit their ideas Speakers must place the chosen words in the right place in the utterance Speakers must fill in the sounds that make up the words they wish to utter they make sense given the structure of spoken English. E.g. slips of the tongue tips of the slung tlips of the sung Errors are not random ball doze bash door bean deck bell dark darn bore barn door dart board bart doard SLIP SLIP kick the bucket meet your maker kick the maker Language Understanding Resolving ambiguity The products of understanding Resolving ambiguity Lexical ambiguity Lexical ambiguity involves determining which of the various meanings of a word may be appropriate in this context. E.g. He comes from the bank. Structural ambiguity Structural ambiguity involves determining which of two (or more) meanings the structure of a sentence implies. E.g. The mother of the boy and the girl will arrive soon. He watched the ball. Lexical ambiguity Research suggests that both definitions become accessible in memory after you read this type of sentence. You need help from surrounding context to determine which ball is which. She catered the ball. The juggler is throwing the ball. S N