儿童支气管哮喘及变应性鼻炎家族变应史及过敏因素对比研究.doc

儿童支气管哮喘及变应性鼻炎家族变应史及过敏因素对比研究[摘要] 目的 分析儿童支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎的家族变应史过敏因素关系，为预防控制提供参考。方法 单纯哮喘组75例，单纯变应性鼻炎组125例，混合组68例，急性上呼吸道感染、急性支气管炎及支气管肺炎65例为对照组，对其过敏史、家族史和过敏物质进行调查和分析。结果 鼻炎组、哮喘组、混合组的个人过敏史阳性率、家族变应史阳性率均显著高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；变应原皮试实验阳性物质前2位的是粉尘螨和屋尘螨。结论 变应性鼻炎是儿童支气管哮喘致病和发展的危险因素，过敏性疾病与遗传密切相关，环境因素的影响也不容忽视。 [关键词] 哮喘；鼻炎；过敏因素；儿童 [中图分类号] R725.6；R765.21[文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673-9701（2011）25-57-02 Analysis of Family History and Allergic Factors of Bronchial Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Children LIU JianghaiZHANG ZhaohuanCHEN Zhengzheng Putuo People’s Hospital of Zhoushan City in Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316100, China [Abstract] Objective To analyze the relationship between family history and allergic factors of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in children, making reference for the prevention and control of these diseases. Methods There were 75 cases of asthma (asthma group), 125 cases of allergic rhinitis (rhinitis group), 68 cases of asthma and allergic rhinitis (mixed group), and 65 cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia as control group. Their allergy and family historys and allergens were investigated and analyzed. Results Rhinitis group, asthma group, mixed group were significantly higher than control group on the positive rate of personal history of allergies and family history change, the differences were statistically significant (both were P＜0.05）.The positive skin test of allergen were dust mites and house dust mites. Conclusion Allergic rhinitis must be considered as a risk pathogenetic and developing factor of bronchial asthma in children. Allergic diseases are closely related to genetics. The factor of environment also must be valued. [Key words] Asthma; Rhinitis; Allergic factors; Children 变应性鼻炎与支气管哮喘均为常见的呼吸道过敏性疾病，严重影响儿童健康。儿童支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎的关系较为密切，哮喘患者中合并变应性鼻炎者达60%，而哮喘儿童中高达80%[1]，近年来鼻部疾病与支气管哮喘的相关性也备受医学界的关注。我们通过对我院儿童支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎的过敏因素进行调查分析，现报道如下。 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料 随机选择2009年2月～2011年2月我院儿科及五官科