劳动边际产量mpk.ppt

* * * * * * 經濟學 Chapter 5 生產理論與成本分析 5-* After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define technology and give examples of positive and negative technological change. Distinguish between the economic short run and the economic long run. Understand the relationship between the marginal product of labor and the average product of labor. Explain and illustrate the relationship between marginal cost and average total cost. Graph average total cost, average variable cost, average fixed cost, and marginal cost. Understand how firms use the long-run average cost curve to plan. Sony Uses a Cost Curve to Determine the Price of Radios LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1 2 3 4 5 In this chapter, we will focus on the relationship between a firm’s technology and its production costs. 6 經濟學 Chapter 5 生產理論與成本分析 5-* Technology: An Economic Definition Technology The processes a firm uses to turn inputs into outputs of goods and services. Technological change A change in the ability of a firm to produce a given level of output with a given quantity of inputs. 經濟學 Chapter 5 生產理論與成本分析 5-* The Short Run and the Long Run Short run The period of time during which at least one of the firm’s inputs is fixed. Long run A period of time long enough to allow a firm to vary all of its inputs, to adopt new technology, and to increase or decrease the size of its physical plant. 經濟學 Chapter 5 生產理論與成本分析 5-* If the number of people in a publishing company does not go up or down with the quantity of books it publishes, then what categorization should be given to the salaries and benefits for those people? a. They are part of fixed cost. b. They are part of variable cost. c. They are an implicit cost. d. They are not considered a part of the cost of production. 經濟學 Chapter 5 生產理論與成本分析 5-* The Short Run and the Long Run Implicit Costs versus Explicit Costs Opportunity cost The highest-valued alternative that must be given up to engage in an activity. Explicit cost A cost tha