CHAPTER 6 The Structures of DNA and RNA （第六章DNA和RNA的结构）.pdfVIP

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CHAPTER 6 The Structures of DNA and RNA （第六章DNA和RNA的结构）.pdf

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CHAPTER 6 The Structures of DNA and RNA （第六章DNA和RNA的结构）

42636_06_p1-33 12/12/02 7:03 AM Page 1 C H A P T E R 6 The Structures of DNA and RNA he discovery that DNA is the prime genetic molecule, carrying all O U T L I N E the hereditary information within chromosomes, immediately • Tfocused attention on its structure. It was hoped that knowledge DNA Structure (p. 2) of the structure would reveal how DNA carries the genetic messages that are replicated when chromosomes divide to produce two identical • copies of themselves. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, several DNA Topology (p. 17) research groups in the United States and in Europe engaged in serious • efforts—both cooperative and rival—to understand how the atoms RNA Structure (p. 25) of DNA are linked together by covalent bonds and how the resulting molecules are arranged in three-dimensional space. Not surprisingly, there initially were fears that DNA might have very complicated and perhaps bizarre structures that differed radically from one gene to