废铅酸蓄电池低温碱性清洁冶金工艺的研究 - 有色金属（冶炼部分）.doc

多金属铅锌混合精矿低温碱性清洁冶金工艺 刘永，唐朝波，唐谟堂，陈永明，杨声海，杨建广，何静 (中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083) 摘要：提出了一种低温碱性清洁冶金新工艺。对NaOH-C-PbS-ZnO低温碱性炼铅体系进行热力学分析，计算了在700~1 300 K温度下体系中主要反应的ΔGθT图。结果表明，在700~1 300 K，PbS可以被还原成金属，硫能固定在ZnS中，钠可转变成Na2CO3形态，且在1 123 K时，体系中的稳定物相以金属、ZnS和Na2CO3为主。根据分析结果，在1 153 K温度下，以铅锌混合精矿为原料、为熔剂、次氧化锌烟灰为固硫剂、焦粉为还原剂，进行了工艺试验产出的粗铅品位98.31%，铅直收率96.38%，97.65%的以ZnS形式固定在渣中，绝大部分转变为Na2CO3，过程无SO2气体产生，与热力学分析结果相符合。 关键词：铅锌混合精矿；清洁；低温碱性冶金；热力学；TF812 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7545（2016）04-0000-00 Clean Metallurgy for Lead Extraction from Lead-zinc Mixed Concentrate with Low-temperature Alkaline Smelting Process LIU Yong, TANG Chao-bo, TANG Mo-tang, CHEN Yong-ming, YANG Sheng-hai, YANG Jian-guang, HE Jing (School of Metallurgical Science and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） Abstract: new technology of low-temperature alkaline cleaning smelting process was proposed. Thermodynamic analysis of low temperature alkaline system NaOH-C-PbS-ZnO for lead smelting was carried out. ΔGθ-T curves of this system were calculated and drown at 700~l 300 K. The results show that PbS is reduced to metal lead, sulfur is fixed in ZnS, and sodium salt is converted into Na2CO3 at 7 00~l 300 K. Stable phases of system are mainly composed of metal lead, ZnS and Na2CO3 at 1 133 K. With lead-zinc mixed concentrate as test material, NaOH as flux, secondary zinc oxide dusts as sulfur additives, and coke powder as reducing agent, the experiment results at 1 153 K show that grade of crude lead produced is 98.31 %, lead direct yield is 96.38 %, 97.65 % of sulfur embraced in raw materials can be fixed as ZnS with no emission of SO2 in the whole process, and most of NaOH turned into Na2CO3. Verification test results are in accordance with thermodynamic analysis results. Key words: lead-zinc mixed concentrate; cleaning metallurgy; alkaline smelting at low temperature; thermodynamic; lead 我国铅产能中大部分采用底吹富氧熔炼工艺，少部分采用烧结机-鼓风炉熔炼，其中有一部分将采用基夫赛特法改造[1-2]。这些炼铅工艺均是1 200~1 350 ℃的高温过程，存在以下问题： 1）铅冶炼过程产生大量铅蒸汽及弥散于高空的铅雾造成工厂周边地区空气、土地及