《地理信息系统原理》作业930.docxVIP

《地理信息系统原理》作业（更新时间2014.9.30）要求：1 本次作业提交时间10月11日前（第5周星期六之前）（国庆节后一周）；2 用专门的作业本，作业不能打印只能手写；3 必须自己亲自完成，严禁抄袭（一经发现，学分取消）。4 题与题之间，有必要的空格（留白，便于修改，评阅）。第一章第一节1 定义地理参考数据。地理参照数据描述地球表面(包括大气层和较浅的地表下空间)空间要素的位置和属性，在GIS中的两种地理数据成分：空间数据，与空间要素几何特性有关；属性数据，提供空间要素的信息。2 描述一个地理信息系统应用的例子；中国西南地区国土资源信息系统，设置了三个功能子系统，即数据库系统、辅助决策系统、图形系统。系统中存储了1500多项300多万个资源数据。该系统提供了一系列资源分析与评价模型、资源预测预报及西南地区资源合理开发配置模型。该系统可绘制草场资源分布图、矿产资源分布图、各地县产值统计图、农作物产量统计图、交通规划图、重大项目规划图等不同的专业图。3 进入美国国家司法研究所网站，说说什么叫Hot Spot Analysis, CrimeStat有哪些功能？ /topics/technology/maps/pages/crimestat.aspx·Hot spot analysis I — Routines for conducting hot spot analysis including the mode, the fuzzy mode, hierarchical nearest neighbor clustering (Nnh) and risk-adjusted nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering (Rnnh). The Nnh and Rnnh hot spots can be output as ellipses or convex hulls. Both routines can simulate confidence intervals with a Monte Carlo simulation. ·Hot spot analysis II — Routines for conducting hot spot analysis including the Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Crime (STAC) and K-means clustering. STAC and K-means hot spots can be output as ellipses or convex hulls. Both routines can simulate confidence intervals with a Monte Carlo simulation. ·Hot spot analysis of zones — Routines for conducting hot spot analysis on zonal data including Anselins local Moran, the Getis-Ord local G statistics, and zonal hierarchical nearest neighbor clustering. The zonal hierarchical nearest neighbor hot spots can be output as ellipses or convex hulls. All of these routines can simulate confidence intervals with a Monte Carlo simulation. CrimeStat is Windows-based and interfaces with most desktop GIS programs. It provides statistical tools to aid law enforcement agencies and criminal justice researchers in their crime mapping efforts. Many police departments around the country use CrimeStat, as do criminal justice and other researchers. The program includes more than 100 statistical routines for the spatial analysis of crime and other incidents. Crime