语言学基本内容 概念课件.ppt

第一单元1 Design features of language：arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement. 2. Functions of language：Informative, Interpersonal（人际-）, Performative施为-, Emotive, Phatic communion寒暄语，Recreational，Metalinguistic元语言功能 3 Main branches of linguistics:Phonetics(speech sounds)语音学/Phonology音系学/Morphology: (words)形态学/Syntax: (structures of sentences)句法学/Semantics语义学/Pragmatics语用学 Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Important distinction in linguistics: Descriptive (native) vs prescriptive/ Synchronic共时 diachronic studies历时/Langue vs parole/ Competence vs performance~运用/ 励裕趋狙异循畜体害怒隋群翰叭兔募贫朗促着图仑虱蔗惋砖孜尼驾吻峪蜗语言学基本内容 概念课件语言学基本内容 概念课件 第二单元1 Phonetics divisions: Articulatory phonetics/Acoustic phonetics/Auditory phonetics 2 trachea 气管/vocal folds (cords)声带:/glottis声/epiglottis会厌/hard palate硬颚/ velum软颚/uvula小舌/alveolar ridge 齿/labium唇/larynx喉/pharynx咽 3 obstruction of the air stream in the production of- 4 IPA/stop (plosive)爆破音 nasal鼻音 fricative摩擦音 affricate破擦音 bilabial唇音 labio-dental唇齿音 alveolar齿龈音 velar 软腭音 uvular小舌音 RP 标准发音GA 通用美国英语 coarticulation协同发音 aspirated送气音 phoneme 音位 minimal pairs最小对立体 allophone音位变体 assimilation 同化 unvoiced清音 epenthesis syllable structure音节结构 open/closed syllable开音节 stress重音intonation语调 tone音调 河谱潞冗搏狼孩乾估索可鸡湾堤阎碾劈籍屏固缚绑穿两陛墩桂答剐义弹研语言学基本内容 概念课件语言学基本内容 概念课件 Consonants 1)Manners of articulation: stop/fricative…2) Places of articulation/ bilabial, dental, alveolar…3) Voicing: voiced vs voiceless or unvoiced 4) Nasal vs oral: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ vs other consonants 5) Lateral vs central: /l/ Vowels is produced without obstruction of air in the pronunciation of vowels 1) The part of the tongue that is raised: front /i:/, central /ə/, back / ɑ / 2) The height of the tongue: high, mid, low; closed /i:/, half closed /e/, half open /ε/, open /a/ 3) The degree of lip rounding: rounded /u:/, unrounded /i:/ 4) Monophthong vs diphthong or pure vowels vs glidings: /a/, /au/ 5) Long vs short vowels