Chapter 7 The Mole A Measurement of Matter课件.pptVIP

Chapter 7The Mole: A Measurement of Matter At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe how Avogadro’s number is related to a mole of any substance Calculate the mass of a mole of any substance The Mole (aka Avagadro’s Number): The Mole and Avogadro’s Number SI unit that measures the amount of substance 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 representative particles Representative particles are usually atoms, molecules, or formula units (ions) But Why the Mole? Just as 12 = 1 dozen, or 63,360 inches = 1 mile, the mole allows us to count microscopic items (atoms, ion, molecules) on a macroscopic scale. So, 1 mole of any substance is a set number of Items, namely: 6.02 x 1023. Chemistry = awesome Examples: Solve Answers Nitrogen gas-molecule-N2 Calcium fluoride-formula unit-CaF2 Sucrose-molecule-C12H22O11 Carbon-atom-C All have 6.02 x 1023 representative particles in 1.00 mol How many atoms are in a mole? Determined from the chemical formula List the elements and count the atoms Solve for CO2 C - 1 carbon atom O - 2 oxygen atoms Add: 1 + 2 = 3 Answer: 3 times Avogadro’s number of atoms Solve: How many atoms are in a mole of 1. Carbon monoxide – CO 2. Glucose – C6H12O6 3. Propane – C3H8 4. Water – H2O How many moles of magnesium is 1.25 x 1023 atoms of magnesium? Refer to page 174 in text Divide the number of atoms or molecules given in the example by 6.02 x 1023 Divide (1.25 x 1023) by (6.02 x 1023) Express in scientific notation Answer = 2.08 x 10-1 mol Mg Objectives Use the molar mass to convert between mass and moles of a substance Use the mole to convert among measurements of mass, volume, and number of particles Molar mass Mass (in grams) of one mole of a substance Broad term (can be substituted) for gram atomic mass, gram formula mass, and gram molecular mass Can be unclear: What is the molar mass of oxygen? O or O2 ? - element O or molecular compound O2 ? Molar Mass Gram atomic mass (gam) – atomic mass of an element taken from t