【创新设计】2016-2017学年度高中英语 Unit 11 The Media Period Six课堂讲义 北师大版必修4.docVIP

Period Six　Grammar Writing Ⅰ.被动语态 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。 二、被动语态各时态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现的。几种常用时态的被动语态构成如下： 一般现在时：am/is/are＋过去分词 一般过去时：was/were＋过去分词 一般将来时：will/shall be＋过去分词 过去将来时：would be＋过去分词 现在进行时：am/is/are being＋过去分词 过去进行时：was/were being＋过去分词 现在完成时：have/has been＋过去分词 过去完成时：had been＋过去分词 English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都开英语课。 Their wedding was held in a church. 他们的婚礼在教堂举行。 Do you think the book will be reprinted? 你觉得这本书会重印吗？ He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道自己会为此受到惩罚。 注意：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 Such work can be done in an hour or so. 这样的工作可以在一个小时左右做完。 三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1．把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2．把谓语变成被动结构，时态不变。 3．有时把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，原作主语的人称代词要用宾格。 All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at (by all the people)． They were building the new bridge. →The new bridge was being built (by them)． We haven’t told her about it yet. →She hasn’t been told about it yet. 四、使用被动语态的场合 1．不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。 2．当更加强调动作的承受者时，动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. 房间还没有被打扫。 The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。 3．当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4．表示客观的说明，常用“It is＋过去分词＋that...”句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy.(＝He is believed to be a spy.)据信他是个间谍。 其他常见的“It is＋过去分词＋that...”句型还有： It is reported that...据报道…… It is suggested that...有人建议…… It is thought that...大家认为…… [高考链接1] Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1．More efforts，as reported，will be made(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016·江苏) 2．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded(reward) with success in the end.(2016·北京) 3．I was allowed(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acr