关于被动语态的初级英语.doc

初中英语被动语态讲解 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。” 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，句中人称、数和时态是通过be来表现出来的。常见的几种时态的被动语态如下（以动词do为例）： 时 态 主动语态 被动语态 例 句 一般现在 时态 主+V. am / is / are + done 肯定句：Bikes are sold in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 一般过去 时态 主+V.过 was / were + done 肯定句：China was liberated in 1949. 否定句：China was not liberated in 1949. 疑问句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt. 一般将来 时态 Will+v.原 will be + done 肯：An English class will be given by Jack tomorrow. 否：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it wont. 现在完成 时态 Have/has+V.过分 have / has been + done 肯定句：A road has been built by the government. 否定句：A road hasnt been built by the government. 疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt. 现在进行 时态 am / is / are doing am / is / are being + done 肯：A car is being driven now. 否：A car is not being driven now. 疑：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 含有情态 动词 情态动词 +v.原 情态动词 + be + done 肯：Trees can be planted at the foot of the hill. 否：Trees can not be planted at the foot of the hill 疑：Can trees be planted at the foot of the hill ? Yes,they can./No,they cant. 三、被动语态的用法 （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were _____（steal）last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的） （2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 be + V. be + V.过分 Eg:Everybody loves music. Music is loved by everybody. Eg: Mike broke the window. The window was broken by Mike. 五、注意 1.英语中有很多动词常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。如：happen, take place, break out, come out, come true, have(有），take(花费),cost, fit, belong to 等