计算机导论ch05课件.pptVIP

Chapter 5;;;;von Neumann model;Figure 5-1;CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU);Figure 5-2;The arithmetic logic unit(ALU) performs Arithmetic Operation; Logic Operation.;Registers are fast stand-alone storage locations that hold data temporarily.;Controlling is achieved through wires that can be on or off. ;MAIN MEMORY;Figure 5-3;Table 5.1 Memory units;Memory addresses are defined usingunsigned binary integers. ;Example 1;Example 2;Two types of memory : RAM and ROM. RAM(random access memory): (1)RAM can be read from and written to by the user. (2)RAM is volatile. SRAM(static RAM):flip-flop gates, no need for refreshing. DRAM(dynamic RAM):capacitor.need to be refreshed periodically.;ROM:(Read-only memory) (1)The user is allowed to read but not write to ROM. (2)ROM is nonvolatile. PROM: EPROM: EEPROM:;Figure 5-4;Figure 5-5;INPUT / OUTPUT;Input/Output devices can be divided into two broad categories:nonstorage and storage devices. Nonstorage devices allow the CPU/memory to communicate with the outside world but they can not store information.;Storage devices, although classified as I/O devices, can store large amounts of information to be retrieved at a later time. We categorize them as either magnetic or optical.;Magnetic Storage Devices;;Figure 5-6;Figure 5-7;Figure 5-8;Figure 5-9;CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD ;旺胜农橡国卫稠爆湖大武了鸽慢路肯粟啦侣忍机气焕圾埋厚撕迹拇戌呻魁计算机导论ch05课件计算机导论ch05课件;Table 5.2 CD-ROM speeds;Table 5.3 DVD capacities;SUBSYSTEM INTERCONNECTION;Figure 5-14;Figure 5-15;Controllers or interface:can be a serial or parallel device. A serial controller has only one wire connection to the device. A parallel controller has several connections to the device so that several bits can be transferred at a time.;SCSI controller;FireWire controller;USB controller;Isolated I/O addressing;Memory-mapped I/O addressing;PROGRAM EXECUTION;Figure 5-21;Contents of memory and register before execution;Contents of memory and registers after each cycle;Contents of memory and registers after ea