SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气概要.ppt

Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 一 、三种语气简介 英语中的语气表示说话者的意图或态度。语气有下列三种: 1.直陈语气（indicative mood），表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的 也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来，或提出一种看法。 Flowers blossom in spring.春暖花开。 It is probably going to snow tomorrow. 明天可能要下雨了. 2.祈使语气（imperative mood）,表示号召、命令、 请求、劝告、警告、 禁止等。 Let us help you.我们来帮助你吧。 3.虚拟语气（subjective mood）, 表示一种主观的愿望、假设、猜测，所说的是一个条件，不表示客观事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现实中的真实条件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、 假设、想象或祝愿等。 I wish I were a white cloud. 但愿我是一片云。 二、 虚拟语气在条件句中的运用 英语中的条件句一般有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中。非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综时间条件句等。 1．虚拟条件句 ①与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors.  他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。 If I knew the answer to all your questions, I would be a genius.  ②与过去事实相反 If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn`t have been so successful. ③与将来事实相反-----推测将来，即推测条件句 If he were here this evening, we would play cards. If he should have enough money, he would buy the house. ④虚拟条件句的谓语可用进行时，表示“如果----正在----”等，主句中的谓语仍用would(或might, should, could),并可以根据情况选用时态。 If she were living a hard life, he should be responsible for it.  ⑤条件句中有were, had, should, could 时,可以省略if,而把were, had, should, could放在主语前，用倒装结构。 Were it necessary, I might resign.  If you had informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract. Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract. ⑥ could have+过去分词也可用于虚拟条件句中，这时的could 是情态动词，表示“能够”，相当于had been able to--- If I could have earned enough money, I should have traveled over the world. 2．错综时间条件句 在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。  But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded. With better equipment, we could have done it better. (介词短语)Your refusal would make him sad. 你拒绝会使他悲伤的。（名词＝If you should refuse,）To talk with him, you would know he is a frank man.(不定式短语)But+表示条件的结构Would+动词原形+but (expect)+现在时陈述句（陈述语气）――――表示同现在事实相反的假设。Would have+过去分词+but( expect