Subjunctive_Mood概要.ppt

Subjunctive Mood  虚拟语气 语气及其种类 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示动词的作用和说话人的意图和态度。 ? 英语动词的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气 祈使语气 陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的。 ? 祈使语气表示动作或状态是说话人的建议、请求、命令等。 虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 虚拟语气的用法 1．在非真实条件句中(if) 2．在wish后的that从句中 3．在主语从句中 4．在状语从句中 5．在表语从句和同位语从句中 6．在“主语+引起虚拟的动词+含虚拟语气的 宾语从句”的句型中 7．在其他惯用句型中? 1．在非真实条件句中 ⑴表示与现在事实相反： if从句用过去时， 主句用should?/?would?/?could?/?might加动词原形。 如：?If?she?had?time,?she?would?/?could?/?might?go? with you.?如果她有时间，她就会/能和你去。  ⑵表示与过去事实相反： if从句用过去完成体， 主句用should?/?would?/?could?/?might加?完成体。 如：? If?I?had?had?the?money?last?year,?I?should?/ would?/?could?/?might?have?bought?a?house.?如果我去年有了这些钱，我就会/可能买一所房子了 ⑶表示未来实现可能性极小， if从句: should?/?were?to + do, 主句: should?/?would?/?could?/might加动词原形 如：? If?there?should?be?/?were?/?were?to?be? something?wrong,?they?would?/?could?/? might let?you know at once.?如果出了什么事，他们会/可能马上告诉你。 1.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she ____ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.(1996.1) A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got 2. If the whole operation _____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (1999.6)A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. were not planned 混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） （4）虚拟条件句有单一条件句，也有混合虚拟条件句，所以不能只根据从句与某一事实相反来判断主句就与该事实相反，同样，也不能想当然地认为主句与某一事实相反，从句也就与该事实相反。? 如：???If he werent such a kind man, he wouldnt have lent a hand to such people as you the other day. (从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。) 连接词if的省略 （5）if引导条件状语从句时，可以将were/had/should提至句首，省略if。 ____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. (1995.1) A. Not being B. Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been ______before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (1997.1) A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to a