lecture 1 名词.ppt

lecture 1  Nouns and pronouns Nouns 名词的分类（重点在于分清可数名词和不可数名 词及词类） 　　 二.名词的数：I.可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化 说明 词尾的加法 例词 一般情况 加-s boots ,houses 以s, x, ch结尾 加-es watches, brushes（N：stomachs） 多数情况下加es(以辅音字母加o结尾) tomatoes, potatoes, heroes 以o结尾 外来词或缩略词或以oo结尾的词，加s photos, pianos, zoos 以y结尾 以辅音字母加结尾，变y为i，加es stories, factories 元音字母加y 结尾，直接加s toys, boys，plays 变f 或fe 为v,加es knives, wives, leaves 以f或fe结尾 直接加s roofs, beliefs, proofs 两种方法均可 handkerchiefs, handkerchieves 2.不规则变化 A．改变元音字母：tooth-teeth, foot—feet B．变词尾:child-children, ox-oxen C．单复数相同： sheep, deer ,fish ,Chinese ,Japanese D. 合成词： ①sister-in-law复数为sister-in-laws ②man doctor复数为men doctors ③passer-by 复数为passers-by ④Englishman复数为Englishmen E. 只有复数形式的词。clothes, trousers , shoes, shorts, goods ,glasses F. 形式上为复数，但意义却是单数的词：news(消息), politics(政治学), maths(数学). G.形式上为单数，意义上却是复数的词：people(人们), cattle(牛),police(警察们) II．不可数名词：一般没有单复数之分，包括抽象名词， 液体名词、物质名词、信息名词、语言名词、材料名词、 食物名词。 三. 不可数名词的性质。 1、前无不定冠词a/an。 He prefers coffee to tea. (不可数) 2.、后无复数（-s）后缀。 I like English . 3、作主语时，其后的动词用单数形式。 Tea is my favourite drink. 4、常用it指代不可数名词。 I like orange because it is delicious. 5、常通过量词体现复数形式。 I need two cups of cola now. 改错 1.There are some orange in the cup. 2.He gave me an advice on how to learn English well. 3.I need your helps very much. 4.I didn’t eat any bread and threw them into the dustbin. 5.There are some cup of water on the table. 改错 1.There is some orange in the cup. 2.He gave me advice on how to learn English well. 3.I need your help very much. 4.I didn’t any bread and threw it into the dustbin. 5.There are some cups of water on the table. Many people agree that____ knowledge of English is a must in___ international trade today. a; 不填　 B. the; an C. the, the 　D. 不填; the (A) 四.名词的格 属格 形式 应用场合 举例 用在表示有生命的名词后 Tom and Mikes room(两人共有) Toms and Mikes rooms(两人分别所有) 用在时间名词后 three weeks leave, todays paper s属格 用在距离,长度名词后 twenty miles journey 用在地点名词后 Chinas industry 用在天体名词后 th