第九章 带电粒子在磁场中运动.pptVIP

9.1 Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field 9.2 The Hydrogen Atom 9.3 The Spectrum of Hydrogen Atoms 9.4 Current in the Hydrogen Atoms 9.5 The Magnetic Moment;9.1 Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field;In the electromagnetic, the canonical momentum (正则动量) p is replaced by ;The electromagnetic potential A and ? are not unique，but are gauge independent (规范相关的).; when the field is small, the third term can be dropped. If A describe a plane electromagnetic, the coupling term lead to radiative transition (emission or absorption) (辐射跃迁（发射或吸收）).;Since the electron of hydrogen atom moves in a central potential, we choose spherical coordinate, and m represent the reduced mass (折合或约化质量).;In spherical coordinate (P78);Hence we can obtain;According to the property of spherical harmonic function Ylm(?,?) (球谐函数);(1) When r?0，the angular momentum is dominant;(2) When r??, the asymptotic solution of R(r) is given by;Insert this into;The abbreviation ;n is the principal quantum number (主量子数) ;师沉艘寞敢层姿婚赋羌齐瓤棍欠荧根六段蛤弘匝上筑傈谈键丑沈灵搓蘸邯第九章 带电粒子在磁场中的运动第九章 带电粒子在磁场中的运动;Wave function of hydrogen ;The wave functions of low energy are; hydrogen –like atom: having only one valence electron in the outermost shell. Consider that the inner electrons screen the nuclear potential, the effective nuclear charge number Zeff is used to described proton number Z in the nucleus.;m1;Introducing the centre-of mass coordinate (质心坐标) R and the relative coordinate (相对坐标) r.;μ is the reduced mass (折合质量);The centre-of-mass motion equation;For the relative motion, use usual separation variables for a central potential;r0;We expand Wl(r ) around rl. ;Set ?＝ μrl2, is called the moment of inertia (惯性动量);The eigenvalue of harmonic oscillator ;双原子分子的转动－振动谱;Example 1;Solution: (1);With boundary conditions;The wavefunction is ;With boundary condition;u(?) satisfied the following equation;According to boundary condition;Exercise