化学002（Chemistry 002）.doc

化学002（Chemistry 002） The nineteenth chapter is copper zinc subgroup In this chapter, in section 1. copper subgroup A simple M (I) compound; M (II) compound; M (III) compound; 2.; zinc subgroup Simple substance M (II) compound M (I) compound Copper Cu copper, chalcopyrite CuFeS2, chalcocite Cu2S 0.007% twenty-sixth Silver, Ag, silver, Ag2S, AgCl Gold, Au, elemental gold, dispersed in rocks. Zinc, Zn, sphalerite, ZnS 0.008%, twenty-fifth bits Cadmium Cd rarely exists alone and exists in Sphalerite in the form of CdS. Hg HgS (also known as vermilion cinnabar mercury) Section 1. copper subgroup I. simple substance 1. physical properties The largest pieces of natural gold and silver have been obtained: Gold 112 kilograms (yellow), silver 13.5 tons (white), copper 42 tons (red) density is bigger; melting point, boiling point is higher; hardness is smaller; electric conductivity is good; ductility is good, especially gold. 1 grams of gold can draw 3 kilometers of silk; can be pressed into the gold foil, 500 of the total thickness than the diameter of the hair is thinner. Easy to generate gold alloy, especially to produce amalgam. 2. chemical properties The chemical activity is obviously inferior to that of IA group Stability of 1 degrees in air Cu does not react with O2 in dry air at room temperature and generates CuO when heated 2Cu + O2 (air) - 2CuO (black) Cu reacts with moist air at room temperature 2Cu +, O2 +, H2O + CO2 - Cu (OH) 2, CuCO3 (aeruginosa) Au and Ag do not react with O2 in the air when they are heated. Reactions of 2 degrees with non oxidizing acids Cu, Ag, Au not only do not react with H2O, but also do not react with dilute hydrochloric acid When there is oxygen in the air, Cu and Ag are soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, but at a slow rate. 2 Cu + 4HCl + O2 - 2 CuCl2 + 2H2O 4 Ag + 4HCl + O2 - 4 AgCl (precipitation) + 2H2O 2 Cu + 2H2SO4 (dilute) + O2 - 2 CuSO4 + 2H2O Cu can react with hot concentrated hydrochloric acid 2 Cu + 8HCl (concentrated) - 2H3[