(气藏工程学英文版课件）Chapter1 Properties of Natural Gases.ppt

The non-Darcy flow coefficient D is not constant but varies as a function of pressure. Because D is not constant, analyzing a gas-well drawdown test with methods developed for liquid flow may give erroneous results if non-Darcy flow affects the pressure response. * * McCain proposed the following correlation to adjust pure-water values to those for brine systems: where S=salinity, wt% solids; TF=temperature,°F; Rswp=solution-gas/pure-water ratio, scf/STB; and Rsw=solution-gas/brine ratio, scf/STB. The correlation given by Eq.l.91 and Fig.1.20 agreed to within 3% of published data falling within 0S30wt% solids and 70TF250°F. The correlation is applicable to formation waters and is used to correct the solution-gas/pure-water ratio and its derivatives. 1.11.3 Water Compressibility For P Pb, Osif developed a correlation to estimate the isothermal coefficient of reservoir water compressibility at pressures above the bubblepoint pressure of the water where Cw=isothermal compressibility of formation water, psi-1; P=pressure, psia; S’=salinity, g NaCl/L; and TF=temperature, °F. The correlation was developed for the following range of data. l000p20000 psi, 0S’200g NaCl/L, 200TF270°F. Ramey reported the following theoretically based relation for the formation water compressibility at pressures below the bubblepoint: 1.11.4 Water Viscosity McCain developed a correlation for the formation water viscosity at atmospheric pressure and reservoir temperature μwl, Once μw1 is estimated, the formation water viscosity at reservoir pressure, μwl, is estimated with McCain’s correlation: This correlation, which is accurate to within 4% for p10000 psia and within 7% for 10000p15000 psia, was developed for limited temperature range of 86TF167oF. Correlations forμw/μw1 also are plotted in Fig.1.24. 1.12 Water Vapor Content of Gas Bukacek found empirically that the water vapor content of natural gases can be expressed as where W=wa