linux中的各种括号的作用（The role of parentheses in Linux）.docVIP

linux中的各种括号的作用（The role of parentheses in Linux） In Linux (), () (), [], [[]], {} role () command group. The list of commands in parentheses will run as a sub shell In parentheses variables, because it is in shell, so it is not available for the rest of the script. The parent process, also is the script itself, will not be able to read the creation in the child process variables, is created in the sub variables in shell. (CMD1; cmd2; cmd3) Initialize an array Array= (element1, Element2, element3) $(...) equivalent to `... command returns the result of command execution in parentheses Let command (()): ((...)) structure can be used to calculate and test the arithmetic expression results. The exit status will be [...] structure opposite! Can also be applied to c style for, while loop, (()), all variables (add $no) are numerical. The expression of the $(()) structure is a C style expression whose return result is the expression value, where the variable reference does not use $ (and of course) For ((...);...) Do CMD Done While ((...)) Do CMD Done Comparison operator less than (($a, $b )) = less than or equal to (($a = $b)) greater than (($a) $b ) = greater than or equal to (($a or $b)) ((0)) Echo Exit status of ((0)) \ is $1. #? ((1)) Echo Exit status of ((1)) \ is $0. #? ((5 4)) # really Echo Exit status of ((5 4)) \ is $0. #? ((5 9)) # false Echo Exit status of ((5 9)) \ is $1. #? ((5 - 5) #) 0 Echo Exit status of ((5 - 5)) \ is $1. #? ((5 / 4)) # division can be. Echo Exit status of ((5 / 4)) \ is $0. #? ((1 / 2)) # division 1. calculation results Echo Exit status of ((1 / 2)) \ is $?. After # interception was 0. # 1 ((1 / 0) 2/dev/null) # divisor is 0, illegal calculation. # Echo Exit status of ((1 / 0)) \ is $1. #? For ((a=1; a LIMIT; a++)) # double parentheses, and not in front of the LIMIT variable $. Do Echo -n $a Done While ((a LIMIT)) # double parentheses, no variables in front of $. Do Echo -n $a ((a = 1) #) let a+=1 Done A=2 B=$(($a*4)) #a=2