沙粒振动的仓室效应.pptVIP

实验仪器 实验结果 仪器固有参数: h=30mm r=1mm Ω=(7.5x76x2)mm2 e钢珠=0.56 于是B=1.34(N平均/af)2 [a的单位是mm,f是Hz] 振幅不好测,暂时取a=3mm; 然后再取N总=104, f=20Hz时,B就差不多在1左右了 影响实验结果的外部因素 仪器的水平程度 仪器的使用方法问题 调节频率的同时会影响振幅 振幅不稳问题 播放视频时间 我的4组数据 N左=80，N右=0，a=3.0mm，f=33.3Hz，B=0.215，经过10秒后达到平衡态。 N左=0，N右=80，a=3.0mm，f=33.3Hz，B=0.215，经过10秒后达到平衡态。 N左=88，N右=112，a=3.0mm，f=20.0Hz，B=3.72，经过55秒后达到平衡态。 N左=100, N右=100，a=3.0mm，f=20.0Hz，B=3.72，经过50秒后达到平衡态。 提问时间 特别鸣谢 周鲁卫老师给予的指导 郑杰等同组研究生们提供摄影器材以及各种帮助 沙粒振动的仓室效应 张逊 07300190041 * 1 Maxwell’s Demon Demon The Second Law of Thermodynamics forbids (through statistical improbability) that two bodies of equal temperature, when brought into contact with each other and isolated from the rest of the Universe, will evolve to a stable state in which one of the two has a significantly higher temperature than the other. The second law -- in an isolated system, entropy never decreases. (1) Phenomena * (2) SimulationSand as Maxwell’s Demon Jens Eggers, Sand as Maxwell’s Demon, PRL83, 5322 (1999). A drawing of the experimental setup. The two sides of the box are connected by a hole at height h= 2.3 cm. The picture is taken below the bifurcation, so most particles have settled on the right hand side. As a result, the gas sinks to the bottom, reducing the flux. h r=1mm 20 cm 12 cm2 f = 50 Hz On one side initially ? equally to both sides f 30 Hz symmetry is spontaneously broken A = 0.3 cm, ? on one side “temperature” high low * Flux Maximum at nk = 1/(N√B). Normalized to nk = 1. The factors A and B depend -- on the particle properties (such as their radius r, and the restitution coefficient e of the interparticle collisions) and -- on experimental parameters (such as the height h of the wall and the frequency f and amplitude a of the driving). Europhys. Lett., 53 (3), pp. 328–334 (2001) Flux Function (Eggers) Jens Eggers, Sand as Maxwell’s Demon, PRL83, 5322 (1999). N = number of compartments A ? absolute flux rate ?(t) nk = fraction of particles in k-th box * P =