我国的自然灾害与防灾减灾教育思考.doc

我国的自然灾害与防灾减灾教育思考 【摘要中国是世界上自然灾害多发的少数国家之一，具有自然灾害种类多，发生频率高、强度大，分布广、地域差异明显等特征．近年来，我国自然灾害发生频繁，损失巨大，造成了人员的身心创伤，增加了社会不安定因素，破坏了自然资源与环境。这就从客观上要求我们要提高防灾减灾教育必要性的认识，借鉴国外先进的防灾减灾教育经验，从政府重视开始，推动防灾减灾教育普及化、经常化和法制化；从基础教育着手，把防灾减灾教育纳入国民教育体系；采取多种形式，加强对公众的防灾减灾宣传；加强防灾减灾专业人员的培训，为落实科学发展、构建和谐社会做出应有的贡献。 【关键词】中国；自然灾害；防灾减灾 Reflection on the Education concerning the Prevention and Reduction of Natural Disasters in China 【Abstract】China is one of the few countries plagued by all kinds of natural disasters．Natural disasters in China are characterized by rich variety，high frequency and intensity，wide distribution，dramatic geographical differences，etc． In recent years， natural disasters befall China with an eve卜increasing frequency and have brought about immense loss of life and property，increase the risk of social unrest，and inflict physical and psychological trauma among citizens，impose threat on natural resources and environment．Naturally this prompts the need of raising people’s awareness for the importance of disaster prevention and mitigation education．Therefore，the successful experience abroad must be used as a good source of reference；and the governments must attach greater importance to promote the popularization of education on disaster prevention and mitigation and make it a permanent rule and legal establishment． On the basis of basic education， the education of disaster prevention and mitigation should be incorporated into the national education system． Efforts must be made to intensify the publicity campaign of disaster prevention and mitigation．Professional training of disaster prevention and mitigation personal should also be stepped up to help fulfill the implementation of scientific development and the construction of a harmonious society． 【Key words】China；natural disasters；disaster prevention and mitigation 自然灾害是自然环境中对人类生命安全和财产构成危害的自然变异和极端事件．自然灾害的种类是多样的，既有地震、火山爆发、泥石流、海啸、台风、洪水等突发性灾害，也有地面沉降、土地沙漠化、干旱、海岸线变化等在较长时间中才能逐渐显现的渐变性灾害，还有臭氧层变化、水体污染、水土流失、酸雨等人类活动导致的环境灾害．人类几乎每天都面临着各种自然灾害的侵害和威