Lecture5修辞与翻译分析.ppt

 Lecture Five 修辞与翻译 Figures of Speech in Translation 一、引言 1. 明喻 (Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，在本体和喻体之间都出现了显而易见的喻词, 如: 汉语里的 “像”, “好象”, “比如”, “仿佛”, “好比”, 像…一样”, “如…一般”等等; 英语里的 like, as, as if, as though 等等. 1. 明喻 (Simile) 1) 她的脸色苍白而带光泽, 仿佛大理石似的。 Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble. 2) 刘玉翠回到村里, 就好比是住进了监牢里. Having returned to the village, Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into the prison. 注意: 英语里 as…as…结构的明喻大多可以直译,有 的甚至同汉语里的习惯比喻方法一样, 如: as cold as ice 冰冷 as hot as fire 火热 as hard as rock 坚如磐石 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛 下面的直译生动形象, 也能被中国读者所理解接受: as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 as bold as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛 as cheerful as a lark 像云雀一样快活 　 　 但下面这种 as…as… 结构的部分明喻, 采用了语 义双关, 不能从字面上进行翻译, 只要译出其实际 意思便可: as cool as a cucumber 非常冷静 (错: 像黄瓜一样镇定) as sharp as a needle 十分精明 (错: 像针一样精明) as tight as a drum 非常不肯花钱 (错: 像鼓一样紧) 2. 暗喻 (Metaphor ) 英汉语的暗喻都不露比喻的痕迹，把甲直接说成“是”乙或“变成了”乙，英语常用be, become, turn into等。 1) 何等动人的一页又一页篇章! 这是人类思维的花朵. What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human brainwork. 2) Jane’s uncle is an old fox, up to all kinds of evils. 珍妮的叔叔是个老狐狸, 什么坏事都干得出来. 3. 拟人 (personification) 就是把人以外的无生命之物当作人来描写, 并把它写得既有人的动作又有人的思想感情, 在汉语和英语里均是如此. 1) 群山肃立，江河挥泪，辽阔的祖国大地沉浸在巨大的悲痛之中。 The mountains are standing in solemn silence; the rivers are shedding bitter tears; our vast motherland is soaked in enormous grief. 2) How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! 时间，这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷，盗窃了我二十又三年飞走了。 4. 夸张 (Hyperbole) 夸张在汉语和英语里都是常用的修辞格, 用以 加强语气, 增强语言的感染力, 有意夸大或缩 小事物的某一方面, 从而获得更好的表达效果. 翻译中采取直译能把语言的感染力带到译文 里. 　 1）突然, 在我们头顶五六丈的上空, 发出一声可怕的霹雳, 闪电像利剑一样直插下来, 天空被彻底吹裂了,震碎了! All of a sudden, there came a terrible thunder-clap about fifth feet directly above our heads, and a bolt thrust downward like a sharp sword. The sky was brought