Chapter5semantics分析.ppt

3) Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning (connotation) e.g.collaborator -- accomplice thrifty – stingy compliment -- flatter 4) Collocational synonyms--- differ in their collocation, i.e., in the words they go together with. e.g. accuse…of, charge…with, rebuke…for rotten tomatoes rancid butter sour milk 5) Semantically different synonyms--- differ slightly in what they mean e.g. amaze, astound, startle, shock eccentric, weird, odd, strange Antonymy 反义现象 Antonymy: oppositeness of meaning Antonyms: words that are opposite in meaning long - short male - female buy - sell husband – wife Same type? Types of antonymy Gradable antonymy Complementary antonymy Converse antonymy 1) Gradable antonymy等级反义关系 there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair good --------------------- bad long ---------------------- short big ----------------------- small old ----------------------- young hot-----warm---lukewarm---cool----- cold Characteristics They are gradable: differ in terms of degree. The denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of the other. Can be modified by adverbs of degree like very. Can have comparative and superlative forms. Are graded against different norms/standards. One member (higher) serves as the cover term. how can be used to ask questions with. How tall/heavy/old/big … ? 2) Complementary antonymy互补反义关系 the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other the members of a pair are complementary to each other in a semantic field no intermediate forms alive : dead male : female present : absent innocent : guilty true: false odd : even pass : fail boy : girl hit : miss Characteristics The norm is absolute. The same norm/standard is used for all the things it is applicable to. There is no cover term for the two members of a pair. e.g. ﹡How boy is it? 3) Converse