人教版新课标高中英语必修一Units4-5语法.docxVIP

Units 4-5形容词性从句--定语从句★定语：形容词可以放在名词之前作定语，来修饰名词。如：an exciting match介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语，来修饰名词。如：the book in my hand★定语从句：用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。如果修饰名词或代词的定语不是某一个词或短语，而是一个句子时，我们就要使用定语从句。定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作用。从句相当于整个句子的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。★定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。①限制性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。如：Who?is?the?man?that?is?reading?a?book?over?there??(指人，作主语)?②非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。e.g. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.★先行词：即被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。先行词不在从句中出现先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。如：I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.★关系词：引导定语从句，并取代先行词在从句中的成分。Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。★关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。①关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）②关系副词：where(on which), when(in which), why(for which)（在句中作状语）③关联词：that（引导表示方式、时间的定语从句）★关系词的功能：1、关系词作主语（动作发出者）【注意】作主语时，关系词不可省略。作宾语时，关系词可以省略。The young man (who) you saw was our manager.There is something (that) we must keep in mind.The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 关系词作宾语（动作接受者）。We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.3. 关系词作表语。Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy. Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 关系词作定语（通常为所有格）。She has a brother. I can’t remember his name.She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.5. 关系词作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语）The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the school.The school where he studies is in Shenzhen.★关系代词的用法：1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that)