专四语法2：非谓语动词分析.ppt

独立主格 独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。 独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。 独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语＋分词 2、逻辑主语＋形容词（副词） 3、逻辑主语＋不定式 4、逻辑主语＋介词短语 5、With 的复合结构 1.“逻辑主语＋v-ing”表主动意义 1)表条件 e.g. Advice failing (=If advice fails), we have to use force. 2)表原因 e.g. Nobody having any more to say (=since nobody had any more to say), the meeting was closed quickly. 3)表伴随状况 e.g. She walked along the path, her son following close behind (=and her son followed close behind.) 2.“逻辑主语＋ v-ed”表被动意义 1)表时间 e.g. The test finished (When the test was finished), we began our holiday. 2)表条件 e.g. All taken into consideration (If all is considered), his plan seems to be more workable. 3)表原因 e.g. All my savings gone (=since all my savings were gone), I started looking for jobs. 4)表伴随状况 e.g. He returned four days later, his face covered with mud. (=and his face was covered with mud). Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.(2003-48) A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits B 3.“逻辑主语＋分词的完成式或完成被动式” 表示先完成的主动意义或先完成的被动意义 e.g. The moon having risen, they took a walk in the garden. e.g. So much money (having been) wasted, Ted will be punished. 4. “there + being+其他成分”的独立主格结构作状语 该结构多放于句首，也可放于句尾，其中的being不可省略。 e.g. There being nothing to do, we played games. e.g. She stole the vase, there being nobody around. 1. There______ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (2000-45) A.? to be?????????? B. to have been??????? C. being????? D. be C 2. ____no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.(1996-51 A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being D 逻辑主语＋形容词（副词） 1. I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of worry． 我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。 2. He stood silent in the moon-light，his door open． 月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那。 3. Lunch over，he left the house．But he was thinking． 午饭结束，他离开屋。但他还