动词非限定形式分析.ppt

动词非限定形式 不定式(infinitive) 1.引言 （1）不定式分两种：带to 和不带 to I’d prefer to sit at the back. I’d rather sit at the back. (2)带to不定式可以有完成时或进行时形式。 一般式（simple): to play 完成式（perfect）: to have played 进行式 （continuous）: to be playing 完成进行式（perfect and continuous ）:to have been playing (3) 不定式完成式表示较早发生的事情。 The man was relieved to have survived the accident. 不定式进行式用于延续一段时间的事情。 You’re lucky to be living in such a nice place. (4)不定式否定形式通常在不定式符号之前加not, never等否定词。 We decided not to buy that house. (5)不定式的被动态是由to be+-ed分词或 to have been +ed分词 The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack. He is sure to have been taught by a good musician. 2. 不带to的不定式 （1）在情态助动词之后（例外：dare, need） （2）在情态成语之后:would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, may/might (just) as well, cannot but/cannot help but, etc. would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon之后也能跟than-/as-分句，意为“宁愿……而不愿”， than-/as-分句中用不带to不定式 （3）rather than/sooner than 置于句首时，其后跟不带to不定式；如果出现在句中其它位置时，其后不定式既可带to也可不带to. (4)make/let/have等使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式，当使役动词变为被动态时，不带to不定式转为带to 不定式： John made her tell him everything. →she was made to tell him everything. （5）see/hear/observe/notice/feel/watch等感觉动词+宾语+不带to的不定式，当上述动词为被动态时，不带to不定式转为带to 不定式： They saw him enter the building. →He was seen to enter the building. (6) why…/why not… +不带to的不定式 (7)在介词except/but之后 如果except/but之前有do的某种形式，其后通常用不带to不定式，否则带to: They did nothing except work. There’s no choice but to wait. (8)help/help+宾语+（to）不定式 （9）主动词+主动词固定搭配的第一主动词之后不用加to: make believe, make do, let slip, let go 等。 3. 不定式符号to还是介词to (1) Keeping what belongs to another amounts to ______(steal). (2) When it comes to _____(help) his wife with the housework, John never grumbles. (3) He came to ________(realize) that he was mistaken. (4) He applied himself to _________(learn) English. (5) When you get to _______(know) him, you’ll like him. (6) After a long delay, he got round to _______(write) the letter. (7) I have a few letters to ______(write) preparatory to ___________(begin) the day’s work